PREVALENCE OF RENAL FAILURE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG HIV PATIENTS ATTENDING KIBOGORA DISTRICT HOSPITAL

Abstract

This study is entitled “Prevalence of renal failure and associated risk factors among HIV-infected patients that attended Kibogora District Hospital”. HIV is a virus that affects the many organs of the human body with inclusion of the kidney as part the organs system that gets affected. Kidney being an essential organ in performing different functions like electrolyte and volume regulation, excretion of nitrogenous waste and elimination of exogenous molecules . Renal failure among HIV-infected patients is greater in these individuals than the uninfected individuals as their immune system is weakened by this viral infection through treatment-related toxicity due to use HAART regimens. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of renal failure, associated risk factors and the major group of individuals affected in KDH.This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Kibogora District Hospital with a quantitative and qualitative research approach being applied using systematic sampling method that was used to assign the study participants from a target population of 315 participants under HAART based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria on the data collection sheet were entered and analyzed into the

SPSS version 16. Variables were analyzed using Generalized Linear Model and Chi- square tests for descriptive statistics with the P-value ≤0.05.Among 315 of the total

population, 176 of the participants were our sample size.Within 176 participants who were on HAART, 75% (51.70% were female and 23.30% were male) had renal failure. Variables such as age, gender considered as social-demographic factors and

HAART regimen given to them show statistical association to renal failure with P- value of 0.000 while others like diabetes mellitus p value(X

2 =.298), hypertension p

value(X2 =.501) and Hepatitis B p value (X2

=.677) & C co infection p value(X2 =.736) whose p values are > than 0.05 showed no association with renal failure among the participants under the study. We conclude that renal failure among HIV-infected patients is not uncommon and its prevalence is high. Risk factors of age, gender and HAART drug regimen showed association with renal failure while hypertension, diabetes mellitus and HBV and HCV didn’t show association thus recommending of broadening of the knowledge regarding the disease and close monitoring of these HAART regimens due to their related toxicity to kidneys.